American Journal of Neuroradiology, Vol 17, Issue 6 1119-1126, Copyright © 1996 by American Society of Neuroradiology
ARTICLES |
Neuroradiologic findings in polyarteritis nodosa
JM Provenzale and NB Allen
Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
PURPOSE: To demonstrate the neuroradiologic findings in patients with polyarteritis nodosa. METHODS: A review of hospital records for a 10- year period revealed 50 patients with a discharge diagnosis of polyarteritis nodosa. Thirteen patients had undergone neuroimaging, and abnormal findings were found in 5 cases; these were the subjects of this study. RESULTS: All 5 patients had abnormal findings on CT scans, 3 had abnormal findings on MR images, and 1 had an abnormal finding on a cerebral angiogram. All patients had cerebral cortical or subcortical infarctions, and 1 also had small infarctions within the brain stem and cerebellum. One patient had cerebral angiographic findings of arteritis. The diagnosis of arteritis was considered probable or possible in 3 other patients. Three patients had echocardiographic evidence of concentric hypertrophy and a hypocontractile left ventricle resulting from polyarteritis nodosa-related hypertension. Cardiogenic embolism was considered the likely cause in 1 patient. CONCLUSION: Small peripheral cerebral infarctions, consistent with an arteritis involving medium-sized and small arteries, were the most common finding. However, cardiogenic embolism should also be considered as a possible cause of cerebral infarction in patients with polyarteritis nodosa who have left ventricular dysfunction.
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