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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

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American Journal of Neuroradiology 21:1841-1852 (11 2000)
© 2000 American Society of Neuroradiology

ARTICLE

Rapid Alterations in Diffusion-weighted Images with Anatomic Correlates in a Rodent Model of Status Epilepticus

Christopher J. Wall^a, Edward J. Kendall^a and André Obenaus^a,b

^a From the Academic Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
^b Address reprint requests to André Obenaus, Ph.D., Academic Department of Medical Imaging, Royal University Hospital, 103 Hospital Dr., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7K 0W8.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Diffusion-weighted MR imaging has emerged as a noninvasive tool for the detection of regional neuronal damage. We hypothesize that changes in diffusion-weighted images will correlate with pathophysiologic alterations caused by pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus.

METHODS: MR images of brain tissues were examined in vivo by use of T2- and diffusion-weighted imaging at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after pilocarpine-induced seizures. Histologic verification of neuronal damage was also performed after imaging to assess the extent and the time course of neuronal cell death.

RESULTS: The piriform cortex, amygdala, and retrosplenial (and somatosensory) cortex displayed significant apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) decreases 12 hours after seizure initiation. In contrast, an ADC rise of 19% was observed in the hippocampus 24 hours after seizure induction. Histologic data from the piriform cortex and amygdala confirmed severe neuronal loss, whereas hippocampal damage was much less pronounced at 12 hours. Interestingly, very little histologic damage was seen in the retrosplenial cortex.

CONCLUSION: This study capitalized on diffusion-weighted imaging as a sensitive technique for the early identification of seizure-induced neuronal damage and differentiation of regional severity of these alterations. Hippocampal neuropathology is slower and longer in duration (7 days), while the piriform cortex and amygdala exhibit very rapid neurodegenerative alterations (24 hours) after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. These histologic changes are reflected in opposing ADC values within these regions.

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