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AJNR - American Journal of Neuroradiology

Published ahead of print on March 27, 2008
doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A1012

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American Journal of Neuroradiology 29:1061-1066, June-July 2008
© 2008 American Society of Neuroradiology

INTERVENTIONAL

Simultaneous Treatment with Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator and Endovascular Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke Within 3 Hours of Onset

S. Sugiura^a, K. Iwaisako^a, S. Toyota^a and H. Takimoto^a

^a From the Department of Neurosurgery, Osaka Neurological Institute, Osaka, Japan

Please address correspondence to Shiro Sugiura, MD, Osaka Neurological Institute, 2-6-23, Shonai Takaramachi, Toyonaka City, Osaka, 561-0836, Japan; e-mail: sirosugiura{at}yahoo.co.jp

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Because intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) does not always lead to a good outcome in a considerable proportion of patients, combined IV rtPA and rescue endovascular therapy (ET) have been performed in several recent studies. However, rescue therapy after completion of IV rtPA often results in late ineffective recanalization. We examined the efficacy and safety of combined IV rtPA and simultaneous ET as primary rather than rescue therapy for hyperacute middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 29 patients eligible for IV rtPA, who were diagnosed as having MCA (M1 or M2) occlusion within 3 hours of onset, underwent thrombolysis. In the combined group, patients were treated by IV rtPA (0.6 mg/kg for 60 minutes) and simultaneous ET (intra-arterial rtPA, mechanical thrombus disruption with microguidewire, and balloon angioplasty) initiated as soon as possible. In the IV group, patients were treated by IV rtPA only.

RESULTS: The improvement of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at 24 hours was 11 ± 4.8 in the combined group versus 5 ± 4.3 in the IV group (P < .001). In the combined group, successful recanalization was observed in 14 (88%) of 16 patients with no symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and 10 (63%) of 16 patients had favorable outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0, 1) at 3 months.

CONCLUSIONS: Aggressive combined therapy with IV rtPA and simultaneous ET markedly improved the clinical outcome of hyperacute MCA occlusion without significant adverse effect. Additional randomized study is needed to confirm our results.